• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a method and a welding device (1) for electrical resistance welding, wherein two welding electrodes (14, 16) with the interposition of components to be welded (20) in a closing direction (22) merged and pressed with a welding force (F) and with be subjected to an electrical welding current. For the welding process, the welding force (F) acting in the closing direction (22) is generated by an electromagnet (30) which is controlled to generate and regulate the welding force (F) independently of the welding current (i), wherein in each case a current actual value (F Is) the welding force (F) is determined and compared with a predetermined setpoint (FS oll), and wherein the welding force (F) by regulated control of the electromagnet (30) to the setpoint (FS oll) is adjusted.
    公开号:CH709176B1
    申请号:CH00873/15
    申请日:2013-12-03
    公开日:2016-09-30
    发明作者:Rödder Bernd
    申请人:Nimak Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The present invention relates firstly according to the preamble of claim 1, a method for electrical resistance welding, wherein two welding electrodes merged with the interposition of metallic parts to be welded in a closing direction and pressed with a welding force and acted upon by an electrical welding current, wherein for the Welding process which acts in the closing direction welding force is generated by at least one electromagnet.
    Furthermore, the invention according to the preamble of claim 7 also relates to a welding device for electrical resistance welding using the inventive method, with two electrode holders for two acted upon by an electrical welding current welding electrodes, wherein at least one of the two electrode holder is movable such that the welding electrodes with the interposition of components to be welded can be brought together in a closing direction and acted upon by a welding force, wherein at least one electromagnet is provided for generating the welding force.
    Welding devices for resistance welding in the spot or projection welding method are well known; they can be designed as movable welding guns - see for example the documents DE 20 2008 013 883 U1 and DE 20 2008 013 884 U1 - or as stationary welding machines. For welding two components, in particular metal sheets, two opposite welding electrodes are brought together via electrode holders with the intermediate components, with a welding force, i. a mechanical pressing force, and then applied with an electrical welding current. The high welding current flows in the contact region of the electrodes through the components, which are then melted and, after a subsequent cooling, firmly bonded and consequently welded together.
    Such welding devices may have a C-shape or an X-shape. In the C-construction, the electrode holders are held at opposite ends of a C-shaped frame, wherein the one electrode is linearly movable in a direction coaxial with the other, stationary electrode via a linear drive. In the X-construction, at least one of the electrode holders is arranged on a pivotably mounted, rocker-like rocker, wherein a linear drive acts on the rocker in order to pivot the movable electrode against the other electrode.
    In many known point and projection welding devices on the one hand, the closing movement of the electrodes up to the workpiece plant, on the other hand, but also required for the welding welding force acting on at least one linear drive, which is designed as a hydraulic or pneumatic pressure cylinder or as a servo-electric drive motor can be. The linear drive must therefore be designed both for the fastest possible closing and opening movement of the electrodes, on the other hand, but also for the required welding force, so that the linear drive is quite complex and therefore expensive because of these requirements. In addition, conventional linear drives are usually very sluggish in terms of welding force application.
    There are therefore also generic welding devices known, with which the welding force is generated with an electromagnet.
    For example, the document US 2,863,985 A describes a "magnetic force welding device" in which the movable welding electrode on the one hand by an actuator in the form of a pressure cylinder via a piston rod is movable, and on the other hand, the piston rod of the printing cylinder on its the electrode opposite side additionally connected to an armature of an electromagnet. However, the electromagnet is electrically connected in series with the electrodes, so that the welding current also generates the welding force via the electromagnet. Therefore, disadvantageously, the welding force always depends on the respective welding current. In addition, a strongly varying air gap results via the piston rod of the pressure cylinder for the magnet, so that the welding force is very undefined.
    Also, the document US 2,863,986 describes a similar "magnetic force welding device", wherein a quite special, consisting of two parallel, in the current flow apart magnetically moving plates existing electromagnet, a so-called repulsion magnet or repulsion magnet (English: repulsion magnet) , is disposed between the movable electrode and an associated electrode holder. Again, the welding current flows through this electromagnet, so that then the plates are pressed apart to produce the welding force. Thus, the welding force is always dependent on the welding current and therefore not optimal in all cases.
    Finally, from the document FR 2 837 413 A1 a welding device with an electromagnet for the electrode-closing movements known. Here, the electromagnet is designed for the entire movement stroke of the movable electrode, resulting in a large design.
    The present invention is based on the object of optimizing the generation of the welding force and thereby overall the welding process in the interest of a high and constant quality of welding.
    According to the invention this is achieved by a method having the features defined in the independent claim 1. A corresponding welding device is the subject of claim 7. Advantageous design features of the invention are contained in the respective dependent claims as well as in the following description.
    According to the invention, it is accordingly provided that the electromagnet for generating and regulating the welding force is controlled independently of the welding current, wherein in each case a current actual value of the welding force is determined and compared with a predetermined desired value, and wherein the welding force by controlled control of the electromagnet on the setpoint is adjusted. Advantageously, it may be such a fast control that the welding force for the welding process can be generated by a correspondingly dynamically controlled control of the electromagnet with a force profile changing over time. This force profile can be set and adjusted individually to the respective welding phase.
    A welding device according to the invention is therefore characterized by a control device for the welding force with a controller which controls the solenoid independently of the welding current based on an actual value setpoint comparison, that the welding force can be adjusted in each case to a predetermined desired value. For this purpose, an electronic sequence control is preferably provided for the welding process, wherein the sequence control controls the movements of the welding electrodes, the generation and control of the welding force and, independently thereof, the welding current. The sequence control is preferably programmable with regard to the welding process, for which the sequence controller has memory means for presetting certain parameters for the welding process and in particular force setpoint values for specific force profiles for the welding force.
    The feature according to the invention, according to which the welding force is generated "independently of the welding current", is to be understood that the duration and the amount of welding current have no influence on the welding force, but at first by separate control of the / each electromagnet the generates mechanical welding force for pressing the components between the welding electrodes, and then there is a separate, independent control for acting on the electrodes and the components with the welding current. Thus, there is only a dependence in the timing of the control of the welding force and the welding current, because the welding current should flow within the time in which the welding force acts.
    In a preferred embodiment, the welding device on an additional linear drive for feed movements of the movable electrode holder. The linear drive may be a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder arrangement or an electric motor drive. The linear drive for the magnetic closing force generation against linear movements at standstill should be self-locking and / or lockable via an additional blocking device so that the electromagnetically generated welding force effectively acts on the welding electrodes and can not move back about the linear drive. Advantageously, the linear drive must be designed only for the closing and opening movements, but not for the generation of the welding force. Therefore, a relatively simple and therefore cost-effective linear drive can be used, which can also be optimized for fast closing and opening movements. In combination with this, the welding force within the welding process can be controlled and regulated very accurately by a corresponding electrical control of the electromagnet by specifying certain parameters, as well as programmed. This allows a very fast, dynamic power structure can be achieved with an optimized force profile. In practical use, for example, 5 kN can be achieved within just 20 ms.
    The electromagnet must be designed primarily for the construction of force. It is advantageous here to design the electromagnet for a short path, namely for a so-called electrode Nachsetzbewegung. This means that during the welding process during the melting of the components, the electrodes are slightly further moved together by the contact force in order to maintain the pressing of the components despite the melting. Also for this Nachsetzbewegung the use of an electromagnet is particularly advantageous because the Nachsetzbewegung - and advantageously also an elastic, caused by the welding force bending of the machine frame or welding gun arms - can be handled by the electromagnet and its movement.
    According to the invention, the electromagnet can be arranged at will on the side of only one of the two electrodes or electrode holder, but it is also possible to use two electromagnets, one on the side of each of the two electrodes. This allows a particularly individual control and regulation of the force structure and the force profile during the welding process by the two solenoids can also be individually controlled and controlled individually as needed.
    For the inventive welding force control, the detection of the actual force value can be sensory via a suitable force sensor, such as a strain gauge or a piezoelectric element. Basically, however, a sensorless detection of the actual force values is possible by evaluating other available physical system variables, on the specific force-displacement curve of the electromagnet. Since this characteristic is usually temperature-dependent, in this case additionally takes place a detection and evaluation of the respective ambient temperature and the temperature of the magnetic components, such as the magnetic coil and the ferromagnetic and / or permanent magnetic material in the armature and / or yoke.
    Based on some illustrated in the drawings, preferred embodiments, the invention will be explained in more detail below. Showing:<Tb> FIG. 1 <SEP> is a highly schematic side view of a welding device according to the invention in a first embodiment, together with a block diagram representation of a control device with an electronic sequence control for the welding process,<Tb> FIG. 2 <SEP> a partial view of the essential components of the welding device according to FIG. 1 with a block diagram representation of a regulation device for the welding force,<Tb> FIG. 3 <SEP> a second embodiment of the welding device in a representation analogous to FIG. 1, but without the control device, and<Tb> FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment variant of the welding device in a representation analogous to FIG. 3.
    In the various figures of the drawing, like parts are always provided with the same reference numerals.
    An inventive welding device 1 is formed in all embodiments according to FIG. 1 to 4 as a stationary welding machine having an approximately C-shaped machine frame 2 and a lower foot part 4 for stationary placement on a floor.
    In principle, however, the welding device 1 can also be embodied as welding tongs movable in space, for example robot welding tongs, and / or also in X-construction - as explained above.
    The machine frame 2 has a first, lower abutment 6 and an opposite second, upper abutment 8. At these abutments 6, 8, two electrode holders 10, 12 are arranged for one welding electrode 14, 16. Preferably, at least one of the two electrode holders 10, 12, in the illustrated examples, the upper electrode holder 10, via a linear drive 18 - in particular in the form of a pneumatic or hydraulic pressure cylinder - such that the welding electrodes 14, 16 on the one hand with the interposition of components to be welded 20 can be closed, that is, in a closing direction 22 are merge, and on the other hand also opened in a reverse opening direction, that is, can be moved away from each other. For a welding process, the electrodes 14, 16 when applied to the components 20 are first subjected to a mechanical welding force F and then to an electrical welding current i. For this purpose, the electrode holders 10, 12 are connected via a respective current conductor 24 to a welding transformer 26. The entire welding process is controlled by a control device 28 shown in block diagram form in FIG.
    Furthermore, it is provided that the welding force acting in the closing direction 22 F is generated by at least one electromagnet 30 for the welding process.
    1, the control device 28 has an electronic sequence control 32, which controls the entire sequence of the welding process, that is, the closing of the electrodes 14, 16 until it rests against the components 20, the Generation of the welding force F, the loading of the electrodes 14, 16 with the welding current i via the welding transformer 26, a subsequent cooling time of the welding point and finally the opening of the electrodes 14, 16 to release the welded components 20.
    For this control sequence, the sequence controller 32 first controls the linear drive 18 in particular via an associated power electronics 34. If the linear drive 18 is not self-locking at standstill against movements, as is the case for example with electric servomotors, the linear drive 18 is associated with an additional blocking device 36, which is also controlled by the sequence control 32, in particular via a control electronics 38. Furthermore, then the sequence control 32 - preferably in turn via a power electronics 40 - the electromagnet 30 to generate the welding force F on. It then follows the application of the electrodes 14, 16 with the welding current i by the sequence controller 32 controls the welding transformer 26 via a further associated power electronics 42. Finally, the sequence control 32 also controls a rest or cooling time and the final opening of the electrodes 14, 16 via the linear drive 18, optionally after release of the blocking device 36.
    In Fig. 2, the essential components of the welding device 1 are illustrated together with a special detail of the control device 28. According to the invention, therefore, a control device 44 for the welding force F is provided with a controller 46, which controls the electromagnet 30 based on an actual value setpoint comparison in such a way that the welding force F is in each case adjustable to a predetermined desired value FSollein. In the illustrated exemplary embodiments, in each case an actual value F1 of the welding force F is detected via a suitable force sensor 48, this actual value being fed to the controller 46 specifically via a signal amplifier 50.
    In the illustrated embodiments, the force sensor 48 is disposed between the lower abutment 6 and the lower, stationary electrode holder 12. In principle, however, the force sensor 48 can also be arranged at any other point at which the welding force F can be determined as the actual value FIst.
    The sequence controller 32 generates setpoint values FSoll for the respectively desired force profile which are likewise supplied to the controller 46. The controller 46 then generates a corresponding manipulated variable FStell, with which the electromagnet 30 is acted upon by the power electronics 40 in order to generate the closing force F.
    The regulation according to the invention makes it possible to optimize the temporal force profile of the welding force F for the respective welding process. It is of particular advantage that the welding force F is independent of the welding current i.
    In the following, some embodiments are still to be explained.
    1 and 2, the electromagnet 30 is disposed on the side of the one, via the linear drive 18 movable electrode holder 10, between the electrode holder 10 and the linear drive 18 and the blocking device 36. In this embodiment, the electromagnet 30 thus overall for the feed movements of the electrode holder 10 via the linear drive 18 moves. Alternatively, the electromagnet 30 could also be arranged between the linear drive 18 and the abutment 8, so that then the electrode holder 10 is indirectly acted upon by the electromagnet 30 with the welding force F via the blocked linear drive 18. In both cases, therefore, the linear drive 18 is arranged practically in mechanical series connection with the electromagnet 30.
    In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the electromagnet 30 is disposed on the side of the other, the movable over the linear actuator 18 electrode holder 10 opposite electrode holder 12 between this and the abutment 6. In this case, the electromagnet 30 is therefore also supported stationary. In this case, the lower electrode holder 12 is acted upon by the welding force F.
    The embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4 practically combines both variants according to FIGS. 1 and 2 on the one hand and FIG. 3 on the other hand. This means that in each case an electromagnet 30 is assigned to both electrode holders 10, 12. The thus provided two electromagnets 30 are therefore marked in Fig. 4 by the reference numerals 30a and 30b. The two electromagnets 30a, 30b generate two mutually acting forces, from which the welding force F results. Here, the arrangement of the upper electromagnet 30a corresponds to the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2, while the lower electromagnet 30b corresponds to the embodiment according to FIG. However, the upper electromagnet 30a may alternatively be arranged between the abutment 8 and the linear drive 18, as previously described as an alternative to FIGS. 1 and 2.
    In all cases, the or each solenoid 30 / 30a, 30b needs to be designed only for a very small stroke.
    Furthermore, in all cases, the or each electromagnet 30 or 30a, 30b of a yoke 52 and a movable armature 54. The yoke 52 has at least one unnamed coil, which is for actuating the armature 54 with an electric current can be acted upon. Preferably, the respective electromagnet 30 or 30a, 30b oriented so that the armature 54 is assigned to the respective electrode holder 10 and 12 side facing, in each case the yoke 52 disposed on the opposite, the respective abutment 6, 8 side facing is. In principle, however, a reverse orientation of the / each electromagnet 30, 30a, 30b is possible. The armature 54 is made of a permanent magnetic material or as an iron core of a ferromagnetic material. Alternatively, the / each solenoid 30 may also be constructed "kinematically reversed", that is, the coil may be disposed in the movable armature 54, and the stationary yoke 52 may be made of a permanent magnetic or ferromagnetic material. A variant with two coils, a fixed coil in the yoke 52 and a coil movable with the armature 54, is possible.
    It should be noted that the or each electromagnet 30 may be designed for an electrode Nachsetzbewegung so that the armature 54 can perform a short path, that is an anchor stroke of up to 5 mm in electromagnetic control. For certain applications, in particular for an embodiment in which the electromagnet 30 or 30a is arranged between the linear drive 18 and the abutment 8, the range of movement or armature stroke can also be up to 15 mm.
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [1]
    1. A method for electrical resistance welding, wherein two welding electrodes (14, 16) are brought together with the interposition of components to be welded (20) in a closing direction (22) and pressed with a welding force (F) and subjected to an electrical welding current (i), wherein the welding force (F) acting in the closing direction (22) for the welding operation is generated by an electromagnet (30; 30a, 30b),characterized in that the electromagnet (30; 30a, 30b) for generating and controlling the welding force (F) is controlled independently of the welding current (i), wherein in each case a current actual value (FIst) of the welding force (F) determined and with a predetermined Setpoint (FSoll) is compared, and wherein the welding force (F) by regulated control of the electromagnet (30; 30a, 30b) to the setpoint (FSoll) is adjusted.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1,characterized in that the welding force (F) for the welding operation is generated by a dynamically controlled activation of the electromagnet (30; 30a, 30b) with a force profile changing over time.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,characterized in that the respective actual value (FIst) of the welding force (F) is sensed by means of a force sensor (48).
    [4]
    4. The method according to claim 1 or 2,characterized in that the respective actual value (FIst) of the welding force (F) is sensorless detected by evaluation of other available physical system sizes, via the force-displacement characteristic of the electromagnet (30; 30a, 30b), wherein preferably additionally Detection and evaluation of the ambient temperature and / or the temperature of the electromagnet takes place.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,characterized in that one (14) of the two welding electrodes (14, 16) is movable by means of a linear drive (18), wherein the linear drive (18) is self-locking against movements at standstill and / or for the welding process via an additional blocking device (36). is locked against movements.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,characterized in that the welding force (F) is proportionally generated by the electromagnet (30a) and at least one further, second electromagnet (30b), wherein preferably each electromagnet (30a, 30b) is controlled controlled.
    [7]
    7. Welding device (1) for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 6, with two electrode holders (10, 12) for two with an electrical welding current (i) acted upon welding electrodes (14, 16), wherein at least one (10) of two electrode holder (10, 12) is movable such that the welding electrodes (14, 16) with the interposition of components to be welded (20) in a closing direction (22) merge and with a welding force (F) are acted upon, wherein for generating the welding force (F) an electromagnet (30; 30a, 30b) is provided,characterized by a regulating device (44) for the welding force (F) with a controller (46) which controls the electromagnet (30; 30a, 30b) independently of the welding current (i) on the basis of an actual value setpoint comparison such that the welding force ( F) in each case to a predetermined setpoint (FSoll) is einregelbar.
    [8]
    8. Welding device according to claim 7,characterized by a linear drive (18) for advancing movements of the movable electrode holder (10), wherein the linear drive (18) against self-locking linear movements at standstill and / or lockable via a blocking device (36).
    [9]
    9. Welding device according to claim 8,characterized in that the electromagnet (30) is arranged on the side of the one, via the linear drive (18) movable electrode holder (10) between this and the linear drive (18) or between the linear drive (18) and an abutment (8).
    [10]
    10. Welding device according to claim 8,characterized in that the electromagnet (30) on the side of the other, over the linear drive (18) movable electrode holder (10) opposite the electrode holder (12) between this and an abutment (6) is arranged.
    [11]
    11. Welding device according to claim 8,characterized in that a respective electromagnet (30a, 30b) is assigned to both electrode holders (10, 12), wherein the two electromagnets (30a, 30b) generate the welding force (F) counteracting each other.
    [12]
    12. Welding device according to one of claims 7 to 11,characterized in that the or each electromagnet (30; 30a, 30b) consists of a yoke (52) and a movable armature (54), wherein the armature (54), for example, on the respectively associated electrode holder (10, 12) facing Side is arranged.
    [13]
    13. Welding device according to one of claims 7 to 12,characterized by a sequence control (32) for the welding operation, wherein the sequence control (32) controls the movements of the welding electrodes (14, 16), the generation and regulation of the welding force (F) and, independently thereof, the welding current application (i).
    [14]
    14. Welding device according to claim 13,characterized in that the sequence control (32) has storage means for presetting predetermined parameters for the welding operation and in particular of nominal force values (FSoll) for predetermined force profiles for the welding force (F).
    [15]
    15. Welding device according to claim 13 or 14,characterized in that the sequence control (32) the controller (46) for the actual value setpoint comparison and for outputting a manipulated variable (FStell) for controlling the or each electromagnet (30; 30a, 30b) - in particular indirectly via a power electronics (40 ) - controls.
    [16]
    16. Welding device according to one of claims 13 to 15,characterized in that on the side of at least one of the two electrode holders (10, 12) a force sensor (48) is arranged, which outputs its sensor output signals as actual force values (FIst) to the sequence controller (32).
    [17]
    17. Welding device according to one of claims 13 to 15,characterized by the force-displacement characteristic of the electromagnet as a means for sensorless detection of the welding force (F) and for output as actual force values (FIst) to the sequence controller (32).
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    同族专利:
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    DE102012112547B4|2021-02-18|
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    法律状态:
    2018-05-15| PCAR| Change of the address of the representative|Free format text: NEW ADDRESS: HOLEESTRASSE 87, 4054 BASEL (CH) |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102012112547.3A|DE102012112547B4|2012-12-18|2012-12-18|"Process and welding equipment for electrical resistance welding"|
    PCT/EP2013/075319|WO2014095334A1|2012-12-18|2013-12-03|Method and welding device for electrical resistance welding, having an electromagnet for producing and regulating the welding force|
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